Yukigo

JLPT N5 grammar: the 30 core points, with examples

N5 grammar is the grammar of your first sentences: saying what something is, what you do, where and when, and asking politely.

Here are 30 points, the ones you start from, each with its meaning and an example sentence with the reading above the kanji.

30 N5 grammar points, with an example

Grouped by what they let you do. Above the kanji in the examples you'll find the reading in hiragana (furigana).

The basic sentence

NはNです

to be (A is B) — the basic nominal sentence

私わたしは学生がくせいです。

I am a student.

Verbs: polite form ます

polite verb form: present/future, negative, past, past negative

毎日まいにち勉強べんきょうします。

I study every day.

あります / います

to exist; to be (あります = things; います = people/animals)

机つくえの上うえに本ほんがあります。

There is a book on the desk.

これ・それ・あれ / この・その・あの

this / that: demonstratives based on distance

これは私わたしの本ほんです。

This is my book.

Particles

は

topic particle (“as for”, “speaking of”)

わたしは学生がくせいです。

I am a student.

が

marks the subject / new information

猫ねこがいます。

There is a cat.

を

direct object marker

パンを食たべます。

I eat bread.

に

to, in, at (destination, time, existence)

学校がっこうに行いきます。

I’m going to school.

で

place of action, means/instrument

図書館としょかんで勉強べんきょうします。

I study at the library.

と

“and” (complete list), “with”, quotation

パンと牛乳ぎゅうにゅうを買かいます。

I buy bread and milk.

の

of (possession, relationship between nouns)

わたしの本ほんです。

It’s my book.

も

also, too

わたしも学生がくせいです。

I am a student too.

か

question particle; “or”

学生がくせいですか。

Are you a student?

Verbs and adjectives

Adjectives ending in 〜い (い形容詞)

adjectives ending in 〜い: base form, predicate with です, and attributive use before the noun

この車くるまは新あたらしいです。

This car is new.

Adjectives ending in 〜な (な形容詞)

adjectives ending in 〜な: predicate with だ/です and attributive use before the noun with な

ここは有名ゆうめいなレストランです。

This is a famous restaurant.

Verbs: て-form and た-form

The て-form (linking) and た-form (plain past): same rules

本ほんを読よんで、寝ねた。

I read a book and then went to bed. (読む→読んで, 寝る→寝た)

〜ている

I am doing… (in progress); resulting state

今いま、ご飯はんを食たべています。

I’m eating right now.

〜たい

want to do (speaker’s desire to perform an action)

日本にほんへ行いきたいです。

I want to go to Japan.

〜に行く・〜に来る (purpose)

to go / to come to do… (purpose of movement)

映画えいがを見みに行いきます。

I’m going to see a movie.

Asking, suggesting, allowing

〜てください

please do… (polite request)

ここに名前なまえを書かいてください。

Please write your name here.

〜ましょう / 〜ませんか

let’s…! / shall we…? (invitation, polite proposal)

一緒いっしょに昼ひるご飯はんを食たべませんか。

Would you like to have lunch together?

〜てもいい

you may; it’s okay to (permission)

ここに座すわってもいいですか。

May I sit here?

〜てはいけない

must not; is forbidden

ここで写真しゃしんを撮とってはいけません。

You cannot take photos here.

Likes, wants and comparisons

〜が好き / 上手

I like…, I am good at… (the object takes が)

私わたしは犬いぬが好すきです。

I like dogs.

〜がほしい

to want…, to desire… (an object; speaker’s desire)

新あたらしい車くるまがほしい。

I want a new car.

〜より / 〜のほうが

A is more … than B (comparison between two things)

飛行機ひこうきは車くるまより速はやい。

An airplane is faster than a car.

〜ことができる

to be able to do…, to be capable of… (possibility / ability)

私わたしは車くるまを運転うんてんすることができる。

I can drive a car.

Linking sentences

〜から

because; since

疲つかれたから早はやく寝ねます。

I go to bed early because I am tired.

〜とき

when; at the time of

子供こどものとき、よくここで遊あそんだ。

When I was a child, I used to play here often.

そして・それから・でも・だから

linking two whole sentences: そして (and, and then), それから (then, after that), でも (but), だから (so, therefore)

朝あさご飯はんを食たべました。そして、学校がっこうへ行いきました。

I had breakfast. And then I went to school.

These are 30 of the 74 N5 points in Yukigo's course. The other 44, and for each one the full explanation, more examples and exercises, are in the app.

Points, examples and translations come from Yukigo's course. Since 2010 the JLPT has not published a grammar list: which points belong to which level is our choice.

Yukigo — learn Japanese with audio, handwriting and reviews at growing intervals. Free, no ads.

Where to start

With です and ます: with these two you say what something is and what you do, politely. Particles come right after, because in Japanese a word's role is shown by the particle that follows it, not by its position. That's the order of this page.

Particles are half the work

は, が, を, に and で appear in almost every sentence, and getting them wrong changes the meaning more than a wrong verb. You don't memorise them once and for all: you get them by seeing them in many sentences, until the choice feels natural.

What N5 grammar gets you

With these points you introduce yourself, order at a restaurant, ask for directions, say what you did yesterday and what you like, all politely. It's not enough for free conversation, but it's enough to get by on a trip and to read your first real sentences.

Grammar is learned by using it

In Yukigo every point comes with an explanation in your language, examples and exercises where you rebuild the sentences, and review brings it back just before it slips away. All 74 N5 points, free, no ads.

In the app every rule is explained in English, with examples to listen to, then you use it right away in a sentence.

Installs in two minutes. How do I install it?

Frequently asked questions

It depends who's counting: since 2010 the JLPT has not published a list, and the lists out there disagree on the number. Yukigo's N5 course has 74; this page shows 30.

With です and ます, then the particles は, が, を, に and で: without these you can't build any sentence. That's the order you'll find them in here.

No: at first hiragana is enough. In the examples the reading sits above every kanji, so you can read everything without knowing them.

は marks what you're talking about (the topic), が who or what does the action (the subject), often a new piece of information. It's the most debated point of N5, and it has a guide of its own.

Keep studying