JLPT N5 grammar: the 30 core points, with examples
N5 grammar is the grammar of your first sentences: saying what something is, what you do, where and when, and asking politely.
Here are 30 points, the ones you start from, each with its meaning and an example sentence with the reading above the kanji.
30 N5 grammar points, with an example
Grouped by what they let you do. Above the kanji in the examples you'll find the reading in hiragana (furigana).
The basic sentence
NはNです
to be (A is B) — the basic nominal sentence
私は学生です。
I am a student.
Verbs: polite form ます
polite verb form: present/future, negative, past, past negative
毎日勉強します。
I study every day.
あります / います
to exist; to be (あります = things; います = people/animals)
机の上に本があります。
There is a book on the desk.
これ・それ・あれ / この・その・あの
this / that: demonstratives based on distance
これは私の本です。
This is my book.
Particles
は
topic particle (“as for”, “speaking of”)
わたしは学生です。
I am a student.
が
marks the subject / new information
猫がいます。
There is a cat.
を
direct object marker
パンを食べます。
I eat bread.
に
to, in, at (destination, time, existence)
学校に行きます。
I’m going to school.
で
place of action, means/instrument
図書館で勉強します。
I study at the library.
と
“and” (complete list), “with”, quotation
パンと牛乳を買います。
I buy bread and milk.
の
of (possession, relationship between nouns)
わたしの本です。
It’s my book.
も
also, too
わたしも学生です。
I am a student too.
か
question particle; “or”
学生ですか。
Are you a student?
Verbs and adjectives
Adjectives ending in 〜い (い形容詞)
adjectives ending in 〜い: base form, predicate with です, and attributive use before the noun
この車は新しいです。
This car is new.
Adjectives ending in 〜な (な形容詞)
adjectives ending in 〜な: predicate with だ/です and attributive use before the noun with な
ここは有名なレストランです。
This is a famous restaurant.
Verbs: て-form and た-form
The て-form (linking) and た-form (plain past): same rules
本を読んで、寝た。
I read a book and then went to bed. (読む→読んで, 寝る→寝た)
〜ている
I am doing… (in progress); resulting state
今、ご飯を食べています。
I’m eating right now.
〜たい
want to do (speaker’s desire to perform an action)
日本へ行きたいです。
I want to go to Japan.
〜に行く・〜に来る (purpose)
to go / to come to do… (purpose of movement)
映画を見に行きます。
I’m going to see a movie.
Asking, suggesting, allowing
〜てください
please do… (polite request)
ここに名前を書いてください。
Please write your name here.
〜ましょう / 〜ませんか
let’s…! / shall we…? (invitation, polite proposal)
一緒に昼ご飯を食べませんか。
Would you like to have lunch together?
〜てもいい
you may; it’s okay to (permission)
ここに座ってもいいですか。
May I sit here?
〜てはいけない
must not; is forbidden
ここで写真を撮ってはいけません。
You cannot take photos here.
Likes, wants and comparisons
〜が好き / 上手
I like…, I am good at… (the object takes が)
私は犬が好きです。
I like dogs.
〜がほしい
to want…, to desire… (an object; speaker’s desire)
新しい車がほしい。
I want a new car.
〜より / 〜のほうが
A is more … than B (comparison between two things)
飛行機は車より速い。
An airplane is faster than a car.
〜ことができる
to be able to do…, to be capable of… (possibility / ability)
私は車を運転することができる。
I can drive a car.
Linking sentences
〜から
because; since
疲れたから早く寝ます。
I go to bed early because I am tired.
〜とき
when; at the time of
子供のとき、よくここで遊んだ。
When I was a child, I used to play here often.
そして・それから・でも・だから
linking two whole sentences: そして (and, and then), それから (then, after that), でも (but), だから (so, therefore)
朝ご飯を食べました。そして、学校へ行きました。
I had breakfast. And then I went to school.
These are 30 of the 74 N5 points in Yukigo's course. The other 44, and for each one the full explanation, more examples and exercises, are in the app.
Points, examples and translations come from Yukigo's course. Since 2010 the JLPT has not published a grammar list: which points belong to which level is our choice.
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Where to start
With です and ます: with these two you say what something is and what you do, politely. Particles come right after, because in Japanese a word's role is shown by the particle that follows it, not by its position. That's the order of this page.
Particles are half the work
は, が, を, に and で appear in almost every sentence, and getting them wrong changes the meaning more than a wrong verb. You don't memorise them once and for all: you get them by seeing them in many sentences, until the choice feels natural.
What N5 grammar gets you
With these points you introduce yourself, order at a restaurant, ask for directions, say what you did yesterday and what you like, all politely. It's not enough for free conversation, but it's enough to get by on a trip and to read your first real sentences.
Grammar is learned by using it
In Yukigo every point comes with an explanation in your language, examples and exercises where you rebuild the sentences, and review brings it back just before it slips away. All 74 N5 points, free, no ads.
Installs in two minutes. How do I install it?
Scan the code with your phone to get the app.
Frequently asked questions
It depends who's counting: since 2010 the JLPT has not published a list, and the lists out there disagree on the number. Yukigo's N5 course has 74; this page shows 30.
With です and ます, then the particles は, が, を, に and で: without these you can't build any sentence. That's the order you'll find them in here.
No: at first hiragana is enough. In the examples the reading sits above every kanji, so you can read everything without knowing them.
は marks what you're talking about (the topic), が who or what does the action (the subject), often a new piece of information. It's the most debated point of N5, and it has a guide of its own.
